Steam-turbine.



H. T. HBER. STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 3, 1910 1,061,670.Patented May 13, 1913.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR.

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415 ATTORNEY IN FACT.

on'rrnn s'rn'rns PATENT ornion. l

HERBERT T. HERE, on PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, sssreuon, .BY mnsnn ASSIGNMENTS, To THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, or PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 13, 1 913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Hnunnu'r T. Harm, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made a new anduseful Invention in SteanrTurbines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to turbines and has for an object to produce astandard form of turbines, which may be easily and cheaply altered tovary its capacity.

A further object is to produce a turbine so constructed that theseparate elements employed in the make-up of the turbinemay bestandardized and employedin turbines of varying capacities.

These and other objects I attain in a turbine embodying the featuresherein de scribed, and illustrated in the drawings accompanying thisapplication and formlng a part thereof;

In the drawings, I have shown a longi tudinal section of a turbineembodying my invention. The turbine illustrated includes an impulseprimary stage 3, and a double flow reaction stage comprising separatesections 4 and 5 locatedon each side of the stage 3 and arranged toreceive the motive fluid discharged from that stage. This arrangementis, however, merely illustrative and various modifications and changesmay be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofmy invention.

Referring to the drawings, the casing (S incloses the rotor element ofthe turbine and supports the bearings 7 for the shaft 8 of the rotor.The Shaft projects through suitably packed glands (not shown) providedin each end ot' the casing and supports the rotating elements of theturbine.

The primary Stage illustrated, consists of two annular rows of rotatingblades 8', mounted on a wheel or rotor element 9, and a cooperatingfluid delivery nozzle 10 and stationary blades 11. The nozzle 10 isformed in a nozzle block 12, mounted on a supporting segment 13, whichis mounted on the casing. The nozzle communicates with a source of fluidsupply through an inlet port 14 provided in the casing and a passage 15provided in the segment 13. The blades 11 are assembled in acomparatively short row and are mounted on an are shaped base piece 16,which is secured to the segment 13, by any suitable'means, at a pointopposite to the nozzlell). Any desired number of nozzles 10 may beemployed and they may be so arranged as to deliver motive fluid to theblades at diil'erent points around the circiunfcrence of the wheel 9.All of the nozzles may communicate with a single delivery port 14, orseparate delivery ports may be provided for each nozzle, oreach set ofnozzles.

The motive fluid delivered through the port 14 is expanded by the nozzle10 so that a portion of its pressure energy is converted into kineticenergy in the form of fluid velocity. The stream of fluid delivered fromthe nozzle 10 is received by the first row of blades 8, where a portionof its velocity energy is abstracted. The fluid delivered from the firstrow of blades 8 is received by the stationary blades ll and isre-directed and delivered to the final row of blades 8', where theremainder of the available velocity energy is abstracted. The fluiddischarged from the final row of blades 8, and consequently from theprimary stage 3, is divided into two streams which low in oppositedirections through the sections 4 and 5 of. the low pressure stage.

Each section of the low pressure stage comprises a plurality ofalternately arranged stationary and rotating llltlllQS 17.

The stationa y blades are illustrated as be ing secured to base strips18 and are 1nounted on a ring section 19, which is mounted on the casing6 by any suitable means, such as bolts, which are not shown. Therotating blades 17oF each section are mounted on a cylindrical drum 20,which is mounted on the turbine shaft ii. The ring section 19 is locatedconcentrically with the drum 20.

Each drum 30 is provided with an elongated hub 2i and the separate rotorelements are so mounted on the shaft ti, that they coiiperate inholding. each other in place against lateral motion. The hub Q1 of thedrum 20, forming a part of the section 5, is so located on the sha ft 8that one end contacts with a collar 22, which may be integrally formedwith the shaft. The wheel 5) is located on the shaft in contact with theother end o the hub 90 ot the secsections of the low the turbine shaft.

tion 5; and the hub 20 of the section 4 contacts with the opposite sideof the wheel. These elements are then secured in place on the shaft byany suitable means, such for example as a compound ring 23. It will ofCourse be understood that the 'rotor elements may also be keyed on theshaft 8.

The motive fluid traversing the-separate tionally expanded, and the,velocity energy resulting from the expansion is abstracted by impact andreaction. The fluid discharged from the separate sections is re-' ceivedby exhaust passages 24, which are formed Within the casing and arelocated at each end of the casing. The exhaust passages may. communicatewith the atmosphere or with a condenser, as.;desired.

The casing is substantially bi-la'terally symmetrical, and thearrangement of the rotor elements and the Workingpassages of the turbineillustrated is substantially bilaterally symmetrical.

The casing 6 is divided, in accordance with the customary construction,on a horizontal plane, passingthrough the axis of Each ring section 19is divided in half and the upper half is secured to the upper portion ofthe casing 6, while the lower half is secured to the lower portion ofthe casing.

The-turbine illustrated is so constructed that its capacity may beconsiderably increased Without the necessity of extensive or expensivealterations. The capacity of the primary stage may be increased bymerely increasing the number of delivery nozzles 10. since the segment13 is easily removable from the casing and can be replaced by a segmentprovided with additional nozzles and having a fiuid delivery passage ofincreased capacity. Instead of replacing the segment, it may be retainedand the nozzle block-12 can be replaced by a block pro- Vided Withadditional nozzles. This latter method can only be employed when the segment'is provided with a fluid delivery passage of such capacity that itis capable of supplying fluid to a number of nozzles. Eitherof themethods described will necessitate an alteration in the arrangement ofthe stationary blades 11, but this can be accomplished with very littledifliculty and with little expense.

The capacity of the low pressure stage may be increased by increasingthe lengths of the static-nary and rotating blades 17. I

accomplish this by changing the contour of the inner peripheral facesofthe ring sections 19 so that the spaces between the rings and thedrums 20 will accommodate different lengths of blades. The rings arecast so that their inner peripheral faces may be bored to variousdiameters to accommodate pressure stage is frac- This is easilyaccomplished dcnsing turbine.

varying lengths of blades; for example, the rings shown may be bored toa section indicated by the dotted lines 25, and in this manner beprepared for the mounting of stationary blades 17 of increased length.The rings may be bored to intermediate diameters between the dottedlines 25 and the inner peripheral face illustrated so as to accommodatevarious lengths of blades. The drums 20 are cylindrical and consequentlythey may be employed for mount ing blades of any size or length. Thecasing is also so constructed that the rings 19 may be easily removedand other rings fitted in place. With this'arrangem'ent, the turbineillustrated may be altered so as'to greatly increase its capacity, andthe increase in capacity [Will be accomplished without decreasing theefficiency of the. turbine an appreciable amount. The capacity of thetar bine can be increased without, in any way, varying the constructionor design of the casing 6, the shaft 8 or the rotor elements; and theseparts may therefore be standard parts for turbines of variouscapacities.

The rings are so constructed that they may be standardized for varioussizes of turbines and so that the necessary alterations may be madeduring the'boring operation,- if desired.

I have assembled each working stage or section independently andconsequently I am capable of varying the capacity of the turbine byemploying diflerent combinations of Working sections or elements. Withthe arrangement illustrated, the fluid delivered to the stage 3 ispreferably expanded to about atmospheric pressure, so that I the lOWpressure sections operate between atmospheric and condenser pressure.The

' turbine may be readily converted into a low pressure turbine byremoving the Wheel 9 and the elivery nozzles 10 and by replacing thewheel by a ring or dummy, which will be located on the shaft 8 between.the.

hubs 21 of the drums of the separate sections of the low pressure stage.With this arrangement, low pressure fluid will be delivered to theturbine through the port 14, and will flow in opposite directionsthrough the sections 4 and 5. The area of the port 14 will of necessityhave to be increased to provide for the increased volume of motivefiuid.

The stage 3 may be retained and the low pressure sections 4 and 5removed. Withv this arrangement, the stage may be operated as anon-condensing turbine Without, in any Way, varying the design of theblades or the delivery nozzles. One section of the low pressure stagemay be employed with .the initial stage 3 to produce asingle flow con-With such an arrangement, means mustv be employed for balanc mg the lowpressure stage. I readily 210- complish this by replacing the section 4(for example) with a balancing dummy. The balancing dummy may be mountedon the shaft in the ordinary manner and the ring section 19 of thesection at may be so constructed that it will cooperate with theperipheral face of thedummy and provide an ordinary form of fluid seal,such for example as an inter-leaving seal. In addition to this theprimary stage 3 and one section of the low pressure stage may be removedand replaced by a balancin dummy, such ashas just been described, anproduce a single flow low pressure turbine. It will be apparent thatthese different combinations will produce turbines of widely varyingcapacities.

Having now described my invention,what

I claim is: a

1. In combination in a turbine, a casing,

a rotor element comprising a cylindrical Copies 0! this patent may beebtained M drum and capable of being altered to aceommodate blades ofvarious lengths.

2. A turbine comprising a casing provided with an admission and anexhaust port, a, separately formed and removable initial stagecomprising impulse blades and coiiperating expansion nozzles, andseparately formed low pressure sections communicatiug therewith andcapable of being removed trom the turbine casing for the purpose ofvarying the capacity of the turbine.

In combination in a turbine, a casi ng, a rotor element comprising aeylmdrical blade-carrying drum, a wheel, and a stationary blade-carryingelement removably mounted on the casing and surrounding said drum andcapable of being altered to accommodate blades of various lengths.

In testlmony whereof, I- have hereunto subscribed my name this 31st dayof August, 1910.

HERBERT T. HERR.

Witnesses:

, C. W. MoGunn, J A. GmswoLn.

iive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of mum. Washington, D.G."

blade-carrying.

